Metabolic pathways represent the set of reactions which involves certain chemical getting transformed into other chemicals using a set of induced by enzymes. Depending on cell requirements, a substrate enters the metabolic pathway. An increase in concentration of end-products and intermediaries affects the metabolic rate for that particular pathway. Pathways also witness transfer the energy in cells resulting from breakdown of fuel molecules.
Lactic acidosis, a distinct form of metabolic acidosis, is a metabolic disorder that can be caused by low pH level in tissues that is usually followed by a build-up of lactate. Due to the abnormal conditions, cells carry out an anaerobic metabolism of glucose, thereby raising the lactate levels.Studies show there is a striking resemblance between the metabolic pathways, found in vast range of species, and it includes unicellular eukaryotes on one side, and large elephants on the other.
Metabolic syndromes are more prevalent in individuals of bigger age. Various metabolic disorders also affect several infants that are known as congenital disorders. The by-products of anaerobic metabolism are pyruvate and lactate. The types of metabolic disorders also include storage diseases of the lysosome; disorders of the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
The OMICS journal aims at presenting conclusions based on newer findings, through the Open Access Policy. Various authors from the concerned discipline submit manuscripts in the field of metabolic syndrome research which are evaluated by members of editorial board. Right to use, edit and share the content is given for free under the Open Access Policy, and the users are governed by the Creative Commons License.
The failure in the synthesis or breakdown of glycogen in certain parts of the body such as liver, is known as the Glysogen Storage Disease (GSD), and there about 11 distinct diseases that are a direct result of this disorder. About one in 43,000 children born are said to have this disorder; inborn error of metabolism results in such cases.
Cholic acid and cheno-deoxy-cholic acids are made water-soluble, and are synthesized with glycine and taurine. A path-breaking GC/MS based technology with an integrated analytics system is in the use to detect over 100 metabolic disorders in the new-borns. These include Ninhydrin paper chromatography for improper amino acid patterns, purines and pyrimidines analysis, and several other medical procedures.
The endoplasmic reticulum contains a transferase which synthesizes billirubin with glucoronic acid. The bilirubin is actively passed through the cytoplasm and flown vigorously to the canaliculi. Conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble, and that makes the whole process smooth.
Cholic acid and cheno-deoxy-cholic acid are conjugated with glycine and taurine, whereby they become water-soluble. Bile acids have lipophilic and lipophobic terminals, which increase the lipid solubility of the intestinal chyme by micelle formation. Phospholipids and cholesterol expand simple micelles into effective mixed micelles. In the terminal ileum intestinal bacteria change the two major bile acids into deoxy-cholic acid and litho-cholic acid.
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